Interesting Notes on Current Hypnosis Research:
(Scroll down to see all the articles)
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Self-Hypnosis for Addiction
Am J Clin Hypn. 2004 Apr;46(4):281-97
In a research study on Self-hypnosis for relapse prevention training with chronic drug/alcohol users, individuals who played self-hypnosis audiotapes "at least 3 to 5 times a week," at 7-week follow-up, reported the highest levels of self-esteem and serenity, and the least anger/impulsivity, in comparison to the minimal-practice and control groups. |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Long term benefits of hypnotherapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2003 Nov;52(11):1623-9.
In this study, 204 IBS patients treated with a course of hypnotherapy completed questionnaires scoring symptoms, quality of life, anxiety, and depression before, immediately after, and up to six years following treatment. 71% of patients showed improvement in response to treatment initially, and of those, 81% were still improved years later, while most of the other 19% only reported slight worsening of symptoms. |
Smoking Cessation
Freedom from smoking: Integrating hypnotic methods and rapid smoking to facilitate smoking cessation. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis 49(3): 257-266, 2001. (12 refs.)
Hypnotic intervention can be integrated with a Rapid Smoking treatment protocol for smoking cessation. Reported here is a demonstration of such an integrated approach, including a detailed description of treatment rationale and procedures for such a short-term intervention. Of 43 consecutive patients undergoing this treatment protocol, 39 reported remaining abstinent at follow-up (6 months to 3 years posttreatment). |
Hypnotherapeutic management of alopecia areata.
Willemsen R, Vanderlinden J, Deconinck A, Roseeuw D. Department of Dermatology, Academic Hospital, Free University (VUB), Brussels.
BACKGROUND: Only limited data exist on the role of psychotherapy in alopecia areata (AA). OBJECTIVE: We sought to document the influence of hypnotherapy on psychologic well-being and clinical outcome in AA. METHODS: Hypnosis was used in 28 patients with extensive AA who were refractory to previous conventional treatments. It was added as a complementary treatment or used as the only treatment. RESULTS: In all, 21 patients, 9 with alopecia totalis or alopecia universalis and 12 with extensive AA, were analyzed during a 5-year period. After treatment, all patients had a significantly lower score for anxiety and depression. Scalp hair growth of 75% to 100% was seen in 12 patients after 3 to 8 sessions of hypnotherapy. Total growth occurred in 9 of these 12 patients, including 4 patients with alopecia universalis and 2 with ophiasis. In 5 patients, a significant relapse occurred. LIMITATIONS: This is a preliminary study with a limited number of patients. A larger randomized study is necessary. CONCLUSION: Hypnotherapy may enhance the mental well-being of patients with AA and it may improve clinical outcome. |
Mind styles and the hypnotic induction profile: measure and match to enhance medical treatment.
Greenleaf M, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USA.
Modern medical technology and economic impositions tend to dehumanize the medical patient. This paper describes a targeted use of the hypnotic modality for relationship building, symptom management, and restoring a sense of self to the patient. To humanize medical care one patient at a time, examples are given for the use of the Hypnotic Induction Profile, the Eye Roll sign and AOD (Apollonian-Odyssean-Dionysian) Mind-Style Questionnaire as a basis for choosing bio-psycho-social treatment strategies. This trio of assessments can be used together, in approximately 10 to 15 minutes, or separately, if treatment decisions need to be made in a few minutes or less. The hypothesis presented is that matching treatment strategies, with or without formal hypnosis, to hypnotic capacity and mind style can increase respectful care and efficacy of treatment outcome. Clinical examples will illustrate this approach to enhance recovery, morale, and maximize patients' ability to become active partners on their own behalf. |
Assessment of the effects of a taped cognitive behavior message on postoperative complications (therapeutic suggestions under anesthesia).
Cowan GS Jr, Buffington CK, Cowan GS 3rd, Hathaway D. Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
BACKGROUND: The authors studied whether playing a taped cognitive-behavior message during and immediately following bariatric surgery will improve performance of a postoperative regimen designed to enhance recovery. METHODS: The double-blinded placebo-controlled study consisted of 27 morbidly obese bariatric surgical patients randomly assigned to listen to either a blank (Controls) or a positive therapeutic message audiotape (Tape). A Postoperative Regimen Checklist (PRC) quantified different parts of the postoperative recovery regimen. RESULTS: The data showed that patients in the Tape group, compared to the Controls: 1) achieved better scores at most PRC assessment points (p < 0.05), 2) required less encouragement to perform tasks (p < 0.05), and 3) were discharged from the hospital a mean of 1.6 days earlier. CONCLUSIONS: A taped cognitive-behavioral message, played to patients repetitively during and immediately following bariatric surgery, is effective in enhancing postoperative compliance and reducing in-patient length of stay. |
Treatment of binge eating with automatic word processing and self-hypnosis: a case report.
Anbar RD, Savedoff AD. Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 E. Adams St., Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
Binge eating frequently is related to emotional stress and mood problems. In this report, we describe a 16-year-old boy who utilized automatic word processing (AWP) and self-hypnosis techniques in treatment of his binge eating, and associated anxiety, insomnia, migraine headaches, nausea, and stomachaches. He was able to reduce his anxiety by gaining an understanding that it originated as a result of fear of failure. He developed a new cognitive strategy through AWP, after which his binge eating resolved and his other symptoms improved with the aid of self-hypnosis. Thus, AWP may have helped achieve resolution of his binge eating by uncovering the underlying psychological causes of his symptoms, and self-hypnosis may have given him a tool to implement a desired change in his behavior. |
Irrital Bowel Syndrome
Palsson OS, Turner MJ, Whitehead WE. Hypnosis home treatment for irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study. Int J Clin Exp Hypn. 2006 Jan;54(1):85-99.
A 3-month home-treatment version of a scripted hypnosis protocol previously shown to improve all central IBS symptoms was completed by 19 IBS patients. Outcomes were compared to those of 57 matched IBS patients from a separate study receiving only standard medical care. Ten of the hypnosis subjects (53%) responded to treatment by 3-month follow-up (response defined as more than 50% reduction in IBS severity) vs. 15 (26%) of controls. Hypnosis subjects improved more in quality of life scores compared to controls. Anxiety predicted poor treatment response. Hypnosis responders remained improved at 6-month follow-up. Although response rate was lower than previously observed in therapist-delivered treatment, hypnosis home treatment may double the proportion of IBS patients improving significantly across 6 months. |
Weight loss for women: studies of smokers and nonsmokers using hypnosis and multicomponent treatments with and without overt aversion.
Johnson DL.
Study 1 compared overweight adult women smokers (n = 50) and nonsmokers (n = 50) in an hypnosis-based, weight-loss program. Smokers and nonsmokers achieved significant weight losses and decreases in Body Mass Index. Study 2 treated 100 women either in an hypnosis only (n = 50) or an overt aversion and hypnosis (n = 50) program. This multicomponent follow-up study replicated significant weight losses and declines in Body Mass Index. The overt aversion and hypnosis program yielded significantly lower posttreatment weights and a greater average number of pounds lost. |
"How deeply hypnotized did I get?" Predicting self-reported hypnotic depth from a phenomenological assessment instrument.
Pekala RJ, Kumar VK, Maurer R, Elliott-Carter NC, Moon E. Coatesville Veterans Administration Medical Center, Coatesville, Pennsylvania, USA.
Procedures for estimating hypnotic depth have been used for more than 70 years. This study predicted self-reported hypnotic depth from the phenomenological and behavioral variables of the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory-Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP). Participants were divided into 2 groups; 1 was used to generate regression equations, and the other group was used for cross-validation. Both imagery vividness during hypnosis (imagoic suggestibility) and the PCI pHGS measure of hypnotic depth (hypnoidal state) accounted for most of the variance in self-reported hypnotic depth. The above results, further supported by correlational and 3-D visual analyses, are consistent with other researchers' observations that ratings of hypnotic depth are a function of: (a) alterations in subjective experience, and (b) the perception of responsiveness to suggestions. The findings are also congruent with J. Holroyd's hypothesis that suggestibility and altered-state effects interact to produce hypnotic effects. |
Hypnosis principles and applications: an adjunct to health care.
Eslinger MR., Department Head for Administration, Naval Medical Center in Portsmouth, VA, USA.
Hypnosis has existed since the beginning of humankind, and is a part of everyday life. It is a valuable addition to the methods and techniques available to all health care providers, as well as a safe and uncomplicated method used to enhance patient health care. It is simply a state of complete physical and mental relaxation which produces an altered state of consciousness acceptable to suggestions. It is characterized by an increased ability to produce desirable changes in habit patterns, motivation, self-image, lifestyle, and personal health. |
Hypnosis technics used to diminish anxiety and fear: review of the literature
Willemsen R. Service de dermatologie, AZ Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Jette.
Hypnosis can be a valuable technique in the management of patients who fear medical treatment. Hypnosis leads to a stronger concentration and a more focussed attention, and thus to a better acceptance and greater effectiveness of suggestions. Literature indicates that hypnotherapy can reduce pain and fear in case of dental or medical phobia. After a short review of the existing literature on the topic, the practical aspects of the hypnotic approach are explained. |
"Truth: Hypnosis works –
if you let it!”
John Stossel of ABC's 20/20 was surprised by the effectiveness of hypnosis when he examined the results of hypnosis for weight loss.
Stossel's new book, Myths, Lies and Downright Stupidity debunks other myths, but praises hypnosis.
“I'd seen those ads promising: ‘Hypnotherapy will help you lose weight!' C'mon, if it worked, there wouldn't be all those overweight people around.”
“Just when my skeptic's antennae convince me I always know bunk when I see it, I get fooled. I assumed hypnosis in medicine was one more con game.”
“Truth: Hypnosis works – if you let it!” |
Utilizing hypnosis and ego-state therapy to facilitate healthy adaptive differentiation in the treatment of sexual disorders.
Lemke W.
Much of the literature focuses on the pathology that falls to the far right of the Watkins (1997) differentiation-dissociation continuum, such as Dissociative Identity Disorder and Dissociative Disorder NOS. Adding a "far left" to this continuum, as well as a construct of what the "far left" looks like, makes apparent the value of healthy adaptive differentiation for those individuals that fall to the "far left" of the spectrum; those who don't differentiate enough. A discussion of sexual dysfunction at this end of the continuum and cases of Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Vaginismus demonstrate the clinical effectiveness of an approach combining hypnosis and ego-state therapy to facilitate healthy adaptive differentiation. |

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